What to Look for When Spotting Colon Cancer Signs
Colon cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, yet it is also one of the most preventable and treatable if detected early. The key to improving outcomes lies in awareness and early detection. While routine screenings play a vital role, recognizing colon cancer signs can help you take timely action. This article will detail the symptoms of colon cancer, what they mean and when to seek medical attention.
1. Changes in Bowel Habits
One of the earliest and most noticeable signs of colon cancer is a persistent change in bowel habits. This can include unexplained diarrhea, constipation or a shift in stool consistency that lasts for more than a few days. Occasional changes in bowel movements are normal, often due to diet, stress or minor infections. However, if these changes persist without an obvious cause, they may signal a deeper issue.
2. Blood in the Stool
Blood in the stool is a major red flag for colon cancer, though it can also be associated with other conditions such as hemorrhoids or anal fissures. Blood may appear bright red, indicating bleeding from the lower colon or rectum which could suggest bleeding from higher in the digestive tract. If you notice blood in your stool or experience unexplained rectal bleeding, consult a doctor as soon as possible.
3. Abdominal Discomfort
Chronic abdominal pain, bloating, cramping or a feeling of fullness can be signs of colon cancer. Tumors in the colon can cause blockages, leading to discomfort and pain that do not subside. While occasional bloating and gas are common digestive issues, persistent and unexplained discomfort—especially when combined with other symptoms—should prompt further investigation.
4. Unexplained Weight Loss
Losing weight without trying is often a cause for concern, as it can indicate an underlying medical issue. In the case of colon cancer, weight loss may occur due to changes in metabolism caused by the presence of cancer cells. Tumors in the colon can also interfere with nutrient absorption or create a sense of fullness, reducing appetite. If you experience significant, unintentional weight loss over a short period, consult your healthcare provider.
5. Fatigue and Weakness
Feeling constantly tired, weak or lacking energy—even after adequate rest—can be another symptom of colon cancer. Chronic fatigue can result from anemia, which may be caused by slow and prolonged blood loss in the digestive tract. Many people overlook fatigue as a symptom because it is often attributed to stress, poor sleep or a busy lifestyle. However, persistent fatigue that does not improve with rest should be evaluated by a doctor.
6. A Feeling That the Bowel Doesn't Empty Completely
Another potential warning sign is the sensation that you need to have a bowel movement even after you've just gone to the bathroom. This could be due to a tumor obstructing the colon, preventing the bowel from emptying fully. If this sensation becomes frequent or persistent, it should be checked by a healthcare professional.
7. Narrow or Ribbon-Like Stools
A sudden change in the shape or size of your stool, such as narrow or ribbon-like stools, may indicate a blockage in the colon. A tumor growing inside the colon can restrict the passage of stool, causing it to become thinner than usual. While occasional variations in stool shape can occur, consistently thin stools warrant medical evaluation.
8. Persistent Nausea or Vomiting
Frequent nausea or vomiting, particularly when accompanied by other symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating or weight loss, may signal colon cancer. A tumor can cause partial bowel obstruction, leading to feelings of nausea or even vomiting after meals. If nausea persists without a clear cause, consult a doctor.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience any of the symptoms above for more than a few weeks, it's important to see a doctor. Early diagnosis through screening tests like colonoscopies, stool tests and imaging studies can detect colon cancer before symptoms become severe.
The Importance of Regular Screening
Regular screening is crucial for detecting colon cancer early, even before symptoms appear. The American Cancer Society recommends that individuals at average risk begin screening at age 45, though those with a family history or other risk factors may need earlier screening. Screening methods include:
- Colonoscopy. The gold standard for detecting and removing polyps before they become cancerous.
- Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) or Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT). These detect hidden blood in the stool.
- Stool DNA Test. Identifies genetic markers associated with colon cancer.
- CT Colonography. A non-invasive imaging test.
Talk to your doctor about different types of testing if you suspect you may have colon cancer.
Keep reading to learn about the worst drinks for colon cancer.